El Fanoos: Land of the Inca

View from Machu Picchu ("Old Peak" in Quechua)

Machu Picchu is the Mecca of South America’s gringo trail. For many it’s a starting point, for some it’s the long anticipated culmination, for others it’s just an amazing stop along the way. At one point or another, every serious traveler makes a pilgrimage to the lost Incan city.

The religious complex at Machu Picchu

Leading into the religious complex. The door could be blocked by tying a wooden gate to the niches on either side and stone hole at top.

Early morning at Machu Picchu

This popularity has led to an amusement park-like atmosphere at the southern continent’s biggest attraction. Much like the religious experiences of the Muslim Hajj or Jerusalem during Easter, the spirit of Machu Picchu can be lost in the blur of timetables, long lines, and $7 cans of Coke. From Aguas Calientes, you’ll wake up at 0500 to catch the first bus up to the park entrance (passing those who tried to hike up earlier but underestimated the long, steep hike) in order to run to the base of Huayna Picchu after the park gates open to be one of the first 200 guests who will be allowed to climb Machu Picchu’s higher sister peak (offering a great panorama of the ruins). After that, you’ll browse the ruins with the thousands of other guests before climbing the impressive Huayna Picchu (“…there’s a trail up that?!?”) Then, wander the site for a bit longer before hunger sets in and debate whether or not to pay $20 for a small snack at the park concessions stand or mosey on back down to Aguas Calientes for lunch. In summary, it’s spectacularly draining and it’s one of the most impressive sites you’ll ever visit.

When you arrive on the peak before the sun has burned off the cloudy vale, there’s a hallowed feeling that hangs in the air. When Hiram Bingham rediscovered the site in 1911, the forgotten city was overgrown. Over several seasons the site was cleared and inventoried by Bingham and Yale University archaeologists. Although technically not living, Machu Picchu has in a sense been reborn. The early morning buzz of tourists climbing the cleared terraces while swallows dip and dive overhead lends the sense of a city stirring to life. The city was lost only to be resurrected. There’s something special about this mountaintop sanctuary.

Cliff side farming terraces

View down the valley from the prisoners' area

Steps leading out of the prisoners' area

Located only 50 miles from the Incan capital of Cusco, Machu Picchu remained hidden from Spanish conquerors. Due to this fact, and its importance as an intact archaeological site and Incan holy place, the area is considered sacred to both academics and local indigenous populations.

Scholars who have studied the site believe that it was still being expanded at the time of abandonment. This suggests that the site was a relatively young religious complex of the ephemeral empire. The Incas in the region were believed to have fled to the jungle city of Vilcabamba, where the Spanish finally defeated the Incan empire, in order to conceal the sanctuary’s location.

Harrowing trail up Huayna Picchu, Machu Picchu's sister peak

Steps creatively utilizing stone, which, like the complex's walls, will last centuries

On top of Huayna Picchu

Terraces on Huayna Picchu

Steep, slippery steps up Huayna Picchu

This complex is believed to be either a factory or a nunnery

Practicing levitation using psychic energies

For centuries before rediscovery by western scholars local indigenous populations, who lived amongst the ruins, inhabited the site. Archaeologists and Peru’s tourist economy can thank these local populations’ tight lips, which helped conserve the site as one of the extremely few not plundered and disassembled by westerners. Now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Machu Picchu will be preserved and protected for millions to enjoy and revel in the serenity of this mountaintop sanctuary.

Plaza de Armas, Cuzco. This main square was the center of the Incan capital before Spanish conquered and lined the sqaure with churches using stones from deconstructed Incan buildings.